Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflict of Interest Statement

To maintain transparency and trust in academic publishing, all authors, editors, and reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence their work.

Authors must declare:

• Financial relationships (grants, funding, employment, consulting, stock ownership)
• Personal or professional affiliations that could be seen to affect the submitted work
• Any dual submission or related publications

Reviewers must inform the editor if:

• They have prior collaborations or personal relationships with the authors
• There is a financial or institutional conflict that could impair objectivity

Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts where a conflict exists.

Failure to disclose relevant conflicts of interest may result in rejection or retraction of the article. A declaration section will be included in all published papers